印度觀點甘地於南非於1903年創立的報紙

印度觀點：甘地於南非於1903年創立的報紙印度觀點是由甘地於1903年在南非創辦的報紙。和平研究及相關領域的學生和學者將對得知這一消息感興趣。印度觀點是世界報紙文庫：非洲報紙(1800-1922)中的一個標題。該報紙記錄了「非暴力抵抗」這一概念的起源，這一概念後來成為印度獨立運動的基礎。
19世紀中葉，英國政府在南非開始從印度進口工人作為契約僕人。然而，在將軍揚·斯穆茨的授權下，對所有印度移民實施了嚴格的限制，包括強制身份證、無需搜查、扣押和逮捕。當時在南非納塔爾省從事律師工作的甘地創辦了這份報紙，旨在向南非的歐洲社區介紹印度移民的困境。
印度觀點刊登了一系列文章和社論，突出了契約勞工所面臨的歧視和惡劣工作條件。從1906年開始，甘地的報紙成為挑戰國家法律和敦促反對不公正規定的重要工具。他的觀點發展成為Satyagraha（真理力量）的概念，這是一種非暴力抵抗的哲學和實踐，後來被其他自由運動在20世紀下半葉廣泛採納，特別是納爾遜·曼德拉和馬丁·路德·金的民權運動。甘地在南非的出版背景和對政治鬥爭的了解對他在移民到印度並從事印度獨立運動方面具有重要意義。他後來評論道：「如果沒有印度觀點，Satyagraha將是不可能的。」
印度觀點繼續出版數十年，對南非更廣泛的民權鬥爭起到了重要作用。今天，印度觀點被全球學者廣泛認為是一個有價值的文獻遺產，它定義了許多國家的民權鬥爭。要了解這份報紙的重要性，請訪問南非線上歷史網站，閱讀由西開普大學歷史系的Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie在2003年的交替媒體會議上發表的演講，紀念印度觀點創刊一百週年。世界報紙文庫：非洲報紙(1800-1922)與研究圖書館中心合作，包括了1903年至1922年在德班發行的印度觀點的期刊。
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民權、印度觀點、甘地、非暴力抵抗、和平研究、Satyagraha、南非
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Indian Opinion: The Newspaper Founded by Gandhi in South Africa in 1903. Students and scholars of Peace Studies and related fields will be interested to learn that Mahatma Gandhi’s Indian Opinion is one of the titles in the World Newspaper Archive: African Newspapers, 1800-1922.Mar 22, 2010
Indian Opinion: The Newspaper Founded by Gandhi in South Africa in 1903

Posted on 03/22/2010 by
Tim Russell

Students and scholars of Peace Studies and related fields will be interested to learn that Mahatma Gandhi’s Indian Opinion is one of the titles in the World Newspaper Archive: African Newspapers, 1800-1922. Founded by Gandhi in 1903 when as a young attorney he worked in South Africa, this newspaper chronicles the genesis of the concept of “non-violent resistance,” which would become the foundation of the Indian independence movement.
In the mid-19th century, the British government in South Africa began importing workers from India to work as indentured servants. However, under the authority of General Jan Smuts, severe restrictions were imposed on all Indian immigrants, including a mandatory identity card, warrantless search, seizure and arrests. Gandhi, at that time working as a lawyer in the Natal province of South Africa, launched the newspaper with the aim of educating the European community in South Africa about the plight of Indian immigrants.

Indian Opinion features articles and editorials that highlight the discrimination and harsh conditions under which indentured laborers worked. From 1906 onward, Gandhi’s paper became a crucial vehicle for challenging state laws and urging defiance of unjust regulations. His views evolved into the concept of Satyagraha, the philosophy and practice of non-violent resistance, which was adopted by other freedom movements throughout the latter half of the 20th-century, notably by Nelson Mandela’s and Martin Luther King, Jr.’s campaigns for civil rights. Gandhi’s publishing background and knowledge of the political struggle in South Africa proved to be formative experiences for him when he emigrated to India to work for the Indian independence movement. He later commented, “Satyagraha would have been impossible without Indian Opinion.”
Indian Opinion continued to publish for decades and played a significant role in the broader civil rights struggle of South Africa. Today, Indian Opinion is widely regarded by scholars around the world as a valuable documentary legacy that defined the civil rights struggle in many countries. To learn more about the significance of this newspaper, please visit South African History Online to read this address to the Conference on the Alternate Media in 2003 by Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Department of History, University of the Western Cape to commemorate the centenary of the founding of Indian Opinion. World Newspaper Archive: Africa Newspapers, 1800-1922, created in partnership with the Center for Research Libraries, includes the issues of Indian Opinion published in Durban between 1903 and 1922.
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印度觀點：甘地於南非於1903年創立的報紙

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